Disordishes destructive disorders can develop in any part of the spine, but the high load on the lower back as a direct result of a person determines the appearance of changes in this segment.Osteochondrosis is associated with pain in the lower back.Only a doctor can accurately determine the symptoms and treatment of pathology.In therapy, medicines and physical exercises are used, in advanced stages, surgery may be needed.In addition to the main treatment, the use of folk remedies is allowed.
What is osteochondrosis
With osteochondrosis, a pathological change begins - with a pulpous nucleus of the intervertebral discs with a gradual transition to the tissue of a fibrous ring.Weakens, cannot resist an increasing load, as a result of which a partial movement begins, and then complete the disk from its physiological position.This occurs when fibrous fibers do not resist increasing pressure and decay.
As the disk structure destroys, the destruction of nearby tissues is progressing.The inclusion of the nearest beads, their joints and ligaments begins in the pathological process.Anydo vertebra has a sponge substance from the inside and an external contour of compact bone consisting of recordings.The outer layer provides rigidity and allows you to resist heavy loads.Vertebra also has a red bone marrow responsible for hematopoiesis.
For a long time, with osteochondrosis, complex vascular and biochemical changes occur.Bone tissue is constantly changing: some cells are destroyed, new ones come to their place.Normally, with constant load, the formation of more durable and solid cells is stimulated.Therefore, with excess overloads, the predominance of dense fabric is formed.
The causes of pathology
Characteristics of modern life and a sharp drop in human motor activity lead to a weakening of muscle fibers and a decrease in their tone.In an average person, the back of the day is largely a bent position, which leads to overload of the function muscles.This factor is considered the main thing of provocative degenerative changes.
There are several theories of the origin of osteochondrosis:
- Inclusion.The etiology of the disease is the discretion of the disc.This is especially facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.
- Muscle.Violations in the structure of the spinal column are due to the underdevelopment or weakening of the muscles of the posterior or persistent muscle cramps, as well as the inflammatory processes in them and the ligamentous apparatus.It is believed that the stereotype of the muscle movement created incorrectly leads to degeneration.Contributes to the constant overload of the inclusion of cartilage and other spine structures.
- Autoimmune.The process of destruction of vertebrae and intervertebral discs develops according to the same scheme as rheumatoid arthritis.Such an assumption is considered close to the truth, as biochemical disorders for collagenosis are very similar to changes in drive discs, leading to a deterioration of tissue and dystrophy.
The impact of the pathology of the internal organs, as well as the presence of constant microtra in the development of osteochondrosis, has also been established.
There is a theory about a person's hereditary predisposition to this disease;Some doctors say violations are sometimes caused by a change in metabolic processes and deviation in the work of internal secretion.
In many patients with severe disorders, chronic seals of infection are determined.
Regarding slow progress, it is read that osteochondrosis develops under the influence of some etiological moments immediately.
Development mechanism
All symptoms that are characteristic of a dystrophic disorder in the lumbar region can be divided into two major groups: internal (spine) and extravertebral.
The latter are divided into reflex and compression.Depending on the severity of the lesion and the presence of complications, four stages of the disease are distinguished:
- The fibrous ring under the influence of excess loads and other factors begins to change the structure: the cracks form on it.The substance of the jacket nucleus penetrates them.Reflex reactions occur as a result of irritation of the nerve fibers by innovating the periosteum, the ligamentous apparatus, the fibrous ring.Its irritation occurs as a result of pressure when a hernia, local edema or inflammation is formed.Such a violation leads to the emergence of vasomotor or dystrophic changes.As a result, a person experiences severe, permanent or shooting pain.Disordishes reflex disorders in chronic osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment lead to the development of lumbagos and lumbalgia.And myofasial pain leads to restrictive motion.Radiculopathy acts as a compression syndrome, which most commonly accompanies damage to the lumbosacral segment.
- The progress of the pathology leads to an increase in the prolapse of the intervertebral disc with its penetration into the epidural region.The vertebrae pull together and exert different pressure on the nerve roots.It can be expressed in constant irritation or severe compression.These manifestations mark the second phase with the development of discogitant radiculitis.Most often, such a phenomenon is observed from the fourth lumbar to the first sacral vertebra.
- This phase is characterized by a continuation of hernia pressure on the nerve and vascular package.This ends with the appearance of paresis or paralysis in the extension muscle of the foot.At the same time, the pain syndrome decreases or disappears.
- With the last degree, blood supply and spinal intrigue is concerned with the emergence of discharging myelopathy.Changes become stable and borrowed poorly with drug adjustment.
Symptoms and clinical syndromes
Manifestations of degenerative deviations in the lower posterior area are manifested by the pain of different intensity and duration.In addition, a person feels fatigue, which grows by the end of the day, he sleeps poorly and becomes frustrated.At first, the symptoms pass or decrease after a night break or stay in a horizontal position, but then the painful sensations in the morning are observed.Because of this, the patient is forced to reduce his physical activity.
Problems of the lumbar region lead to irritation and inflammation of the nerve endings, including the internal organs of the pelvis.Therefore, with advanced pathology, urination is damaged, problems are observed in the work of the internal organs of genitalia.In men, powerlessness takes place on this background.
Radiation of pain and impaired sensitivity is about the lower extremities.The patient notes a burning sensation and "crawling goosebumps", the skin on the foot becomes pale, dry and peel.
Osteochondrosis of the lumbar spinal column is manifested by some syndromes whose occurrence varies in different patients.
Koreshka
The pain in this case occurs as a result of the root lesion, is acute, localized in the area of damage and goes to the lower leg area, buttocks, hips and feet.To reduce unpleasant sensations, a person changes the usual walking and relies on the opposite side of the violation.The pain is associated with sweating, which is replaced with chills, intensifies when you try to move fiercely after a state of rest.
Due to a decrease in muscle tone and their gradual atrophy, it becomes impossible to perform ordinary work.In an advanced stage, limb paralysis develops, violation of the work of the internal organs in the pelvis.
Ischemic
Osteochondrosis is associated with damage not only to the nerve endings in the lumbar region but also with blood vessels.Their compression leads to spasm, which becomes constant as it worsens.Clinically, this phenomenon manifests itself in the form of intermittent chromium.
Lack of nutrients and oxygen occurs in the pelvic organs.This exacerbates the problems of urination, defecation and power even more.
Pain
The appearance of pain is the earliest sign of osteochondrosis.Its intensity depends on the degree of damage.At first, the pain is short in nature, disappearing after rest, but from the onset of the disease to be long and painful.The deterioration of the pathology leads to the appearance of sharp fires with radiation in the legs, groin, buttocks.
At a late stage, suffering is caused not only by physical effort but also a cough or sneezing.In the lumbar region, muscle strengthening is palpated, which are in a constant spastic state.
vertebrate
With constant pain, intrigue and blood supply, significant deformity occurs.Rotting is not only in the field of the pathological process, the architectonic of the spinal column is interrupted.Muscle tone decreases, pelvis and pelvis occur.Walking changes, becomes unsafe.Gradually, a restructuring of the entire musculoskeletal system occurs.
Complications of osteochondrosis
If you do not treat the disease in the early stages, then complications are gradually developing, many of which significantly reduce the quality of life and even reduce its term.A neglected dystrophic process leads to the following violations:
- muscle weakness, atrophy and asthenia;
- violation of urination and defecation (non -restraint);
- Developing severe spine deformity in men in difficult physical work and women during pregnancy;
- violation of power in men;
- lowering blood flow and development of ischemia;
- extension and hernia of the intervertebral disc;
- spondylarthrosis (increased drip processes);
- Foot paresis;
- Spondylosis.
An important point when considering the lumbar osteochondrosis clinic is the presence of reflected pain.Injection of the nerve beams leads to irritation of the internal (visceral) organs, causing pain and functional function in them.This explains the development of manifestations such as difficulty in breathing, arrhythmia, intestines that accompany the pathology of the spine.
Treatment methods
Different methods are used for the treatment of lumbar spine osteochondrosis.
potion
The medicines for the treatment of the disease are NSAIDs.They allow you to eliminate the inflammation process simultaneously and reduce the pain syndrome.At the same time with medicines for internal use, local therapy with ointments and gel with anti -inflammatory effects is recommended.Most often, sodium diclofenac is used, ibuprofen on tablets or capsules.Sometimes, with intolerance to anti -inflammatory drugs, analgesics are used.
With severe pain, local blockages with novocaine or lidocaine are maintained.In some cases, with pronounced inflammation simultaneously during the preverstebral blockade, glucocorticoids are used with novocain.This allows you to affect the afferent conductivity and normalize the reflex activity of the overlapping parts of the nervous system.
A good result in muscle spasm is shown by central muscle relaxants, a typical representative of this class is midokalm.These medicines are combined with non -steroidal anti -inflammatory, increasing the effect of anesthesia and restoration of movement as a whole.
Additional treatment with medication involves soothing and medication to normalize the work of the nervous system.For this, it is sometimes recommended to take antidepressants, antipsychotic or soothing.
Vitamin complexes that include group B, vitamin D and calcium help improve nerve conductivity and metabolic processes.To restore the cartilage structure, prolonged use of chondroprotectors is used.
Physiotherapy
Modern physiotherapy techniques are an integral part of the successful treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine.These include:
- The use of currents with varying frequency and intensity.Typically, an actual effect is used with a force of up to 100 MA, amplulid (modulated currents), darsonvalization, electrophoresis with analgesic substance and proteolytic enzymes.Methods can improve blood circulation in the area of damage, restore metabolic processes, increase blood flow, and deliver the drug directly to the application point.
- Laser use.Its exposure reduces the activity of inflammation and pain, and when directed to the prepaid points, it allows you to restore the structure of the intervertebral disc.
- UFOWith the help of ultraviolet radiation, heat, vitamin D production and optimization of calcium metabolism are performed.
- Magnetotherapy.It consists of using an induction magnet to restore regenerative processes at the level of cell structures.
- Balneotherapy.It ensures the use of healing water and mud.For this purpose, the patient is recommended to take ordinary and local baths, perform applications and compresses.
Physiotherapy and massage
An important link in treatment is physical education.Its implementation is mandatory, but the choice of movements must be performed by a specialist.Classes allow you to restore muscle tone, strengthen their fibers, expand the volume of movements on your back.To get a positive result, certain rules must be observed:
- You cannot perform exercises if they cause excessive pain or stress;You should start training under the control of an exercise therapy instructor;
- Physical education should be done regularly, only in this condition will the formation of a muscle corset will occur;
- Do not make movements significantly and too fast, an average or slow rhythm is usually recommended;
- Gymnastics is not performed with deterioration of any disease;
- In case of deterioration, you should stop the exercise immediately and consult a specialist.
It is best to choose exercises that are performed in the position of lying and staying on all four sides.It is useful to stretch the spine, discharge the press and again.For such a patient, a good method of rehabilitation after a deterioration of osteochondrosis will be a visit to the pool.
Massage is also an effective method of therapy for osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment.
An experienced specialist will help improve metabolic processes and microcirulation in the tread area, relieve muscle tension.The use of massage in the acute period is prolonged, in the presence of severe irreversible deformities, open wounds, rashes or burns on the skin.
Surgery
In the absence of the results of conservative complex therapy, only the radical treatment method remains to be used.It consists of performing a back surgery in order to eliminate the compression of the nerve roots and the maximum possible restoration of the spine mobility or stabilize its affected segment.
Indications for operation are:
- Development of seized hernia between -Reduction;
- severe pain, which does not stop by the use of medicines and blockade;
- Complete discs of the disk with the development of caudal syndrome and ischemia;
- The appearance of signs of radiculomilochemia.
Most often, the patient is performed by microdiscectomy, when bone tissue retains its integrity, and the rehabilitation process requires a short period of time.
There are other methods of intervention:
- endoscopic nucleotomy;
- Laser evaporation of disk;
- Plasma disc nucleoplasty.
Scientists around the world are developing for the implementation of dentures that replace intervertebral discs.This will enable the patient's rehabilitation after surgery and reduce the chance of disability.
The use of traditional medicine
Along with the use of medicines, popular methods are used to treat pain in the lower back.They may not replace the full osteochondrosis therapy, but allow forgiveness to achieve forgiveness in complex therapy:
- At home, it is appropriate to use radish or horseradish as compresses.They should be chopped in a grater, add a little sour cream to the house and applied to lesions.
- You can pour boiling water into a buried leaf and climb to the lumbar region.Top it at the top with a scarf down and hold an hour.
- Bodyaga in the powder, diluted 1:30 with vegetable oil, helps well.From the mixture, an excellent heat compress is obtained, which should be kept for an hour.
- It is useful to rub the bottom of the back with liquid honey.But this must be done properly to achieve a powerful blood acceleration in the injured site.
- Oil is used to remove the pain in the lumbar.For production, you need to get equal shares of ghee, camphor oil and horse chestnut powder.After the full mix, the product is painted in pieces of rye bread and applied to the injured site.
Before using any popular medicine, you should consult a doctor.
Prevention of the disease
To prevent the development of lumbar osteochondrosis and renewal of forgiveness, prevention rules should be followed:
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Do not freeze heavy objects (maximum allowable load for a woman is 5 kg, for a man - 10 kg);
- Perform exercises daily that allow us to strengthen the muscle crust and press;
- With prolonged sitting work, take regular vacations and warm up;
- As you always walk monitor your behavior;
- regularly sanitize possible sources of chronic infection;
- Eat properly and prevent overweight;
- Walking at a moderate pace as long as possible;
- Visit a dance group, engage in swimming, walking, avoiding unexpected movements and strong jumps.
Completely is completely impossible to cure osteochondrosis, as the changes that occur in the back are irreversible, but modern aid methods help to restore the patient's quality of life for a long period.